Abstract: Objective　To evaluate the correlation of peripheral IL-10/IL-17 expression and pulmonary function in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). Methods　Children with MPP (n=66) were recruited and divided into MPP gasp groups (n=31) and MPP no-gasp group (n=35) based on whether pulmonary wheezing sound exists. Another 30 healthy children were recruited as control group. ELISA was used to detect the level of interleukin - 6 (IL - 6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). The peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) and lung capacity maximum expiratory flow (V75, V50, V25) were detected by pulmonary function instrument. Results　The serum IL-10 level of MPP gasp groups, MPP no-gasp group and control group were (8.1±1.8) ng/L, (13.3±2.0) ng/L and (18.4±1.7) ng/L, respectively; the serum IL-17 level were (23.8±2.3) ng/L, (16.2±1.5) ng/L and (11.4±1.0)ng/L, respectively; which showed significant differences between each group (P ＜ 0.05). The PEF, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC of MPP gasp groups were (71.4±5.7)%, (71.8±6.3)% and 72.5±9.6; and those of MPP no-gasp group were (95.3±7.8)%, (96.2±10.5)% and 85.3±4.5; which showed significant differences between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05). The V75, V50 and V25 were (74.7±5.0)%, (45.2±10.3)% and (38.3±8.7)%, and those of MPP no-gasp group were (85.6±4.2)%, (75.9±9.5)% and (66.1±12.5)%. Pearson correlation analysis showed that PEF, FEV1, V75, V50 and V25 had positive correlation(P?0.05)with the level of IL-10 and f IL-17 (both P?0.05). Conclusion　MPP children have IL-10/IL-17 imbalance, and the expression of IL-10/IL-17 was correlated with pulmonary function changes.